{"version":"1.0","provider_name":"C.A.R.E.","provider_url":"https:\/\/www.care-platform.eu\/","author_name":"admin","author_url":"https:\/\/www.care-platform.eu\/index.php\/author\/tourniss_sq4t7cxk\/","title":"Typologies of Visual impairment - C.A.R.E.","type":"rich","width":600,"height":338,"html":"<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"dutTNWo5p5\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.care-platform.eu\/index.php\/lesson\/typologies-of-visual-impairment\/\">Typologies of Visual impairment<\/a><\/blockquote><iframe sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" src=\"https:\/\/www.care-platform.eu\/index.php\/lesson\/typologies-of-visual-impairment\/embed\/#?secret=dutTNWo5p5\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" title=\"&#8220;Typologies of Visual impairment&#8221; &#8212; C.A.R.E.\" data-secret=\"dutTNWo5p5\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\"><\/iframe><script>\n\/*! This file is auto-generated *\/\n!function(d,l){\"use strict\";l.querySelector&&d.addEventListener&&\"undefined\"!=typeof URL&&(d.wp=d.wp||{},d.wp.receiveEmbedMessage||(d.wp.receiveEmbedMessage=function(e){var t=e.data;if((t||t.secret||t.message||t.value)&&!\/[^a-zA-Z0-9]\/.test(t.secret)){for(var s,r,n,a=l.querySelectorAll('iframe[data-secret=\"'+t.secret+'\"]'),o=l.querySelectorAll('blockquote[data-secret=\"'+t.secret+'\"]'),c=new RegExp(\"^https?:$\",\"i\"),i=0;i<o.length;i++)o[i].style.display=\"none\";for(i=0;i<a.length;i++)s=a[i],e.source===s.contentWindow&&(s.removeAttribute(\"style\"),\"height\"===t.message?(1e3<(r=parseInt(t.value,10))?r=1e3:~~r<200&&(r=200),s.height=r):\"link\"===t.message&&(r=new URL(s.getAttribute(\"src\")),n=new URL(t.value),c.test(n.protocol))&&n.host===r.host&&l.activeElement===s&&(d.top.location.href=t.value))}},d.addEventListener(\"message\",d.wp.receiveEmbedMessage,!1),l.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\",function(){for(var e,t,s=l.querySelectorAll(\"iframe.wp-embedded-content\"),r=0;r<s.length;r++)(t=(e=s[r]).getAttribute(\"data-secret\"))||(t=Math.random().toString(36).substring(2,12),e.src+=\"#?secret=\"+t,e.setAttribute(\"data-secret\",t)),e.contentWindow.postMessage({message:\"ready\",secret:t},\"*\")},!1)))}(window,document);\n\/\/# sourceURL=https:\/\/www.care-platform.eu\/wp-includes\/js\/wp-embed.min.js\n<\/script>\n","description":"What is what: typologies The foremost requirement for the process of vision is a fundamental element: light, a form of electromagnetic energy. This light enters our eyes and interacts with the photosensitive receptors positioned on the retina. This interaction initiates a sequence of events in which neural impulses are generated. These impulses traverse intricate pathways and networks within the brain dedicated to vision, collectively referred to as the visual cortex. The incoming light is further directed onto the retina&#8217;s rear surface through the lens, which is known as the crystalline lens. The retina&#8217;s receptors detect this luminous energy and, via a process termed transduction, convert it into action potentials. These potentials subsequently travel along the optic nerve. In the realm of visual health, Dr. Ananya Mandal, MD, defines visual impairment as a &#8220;functional limitation affecting the eye or eyes, or the entire visual system.&#8221; This impairment leads to a range of effects, including: Diminished visual acuity, causing a person to perceive objects less sharply than someone with a normal Reduced visual field, wherein an individual cannot observe as broad an expanse as an average person without shifting their gaze or turning their head. Photophobia, an inability to tolerate or gaze at Diplopia, commonly referred to as double Visual distortion, involving the deformation of Challenges in visual perception or the act of interpreting visual Combinations of the features. &nbsp; As per the pronouncements of the World Health Organization (WHO), an individual is categorized as severely sight impaired, or blind, when the visual acuity in their best eye used for perceiving details remains below 1\/20, even with the most effective correction. On the other hand, an individual is classified as sight impaired, or partially sighted, if their visual acuity falls between 3\/10 and 1\/20. However, this classification system originates from two decades ago. More recently, the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision (ICD-10) &#8211; WHO Version for 2016 has introduced a new classification scheme. This updated scheme outlines five distinct categories within Chapter VII: Diseases of the eye and adnexa (H00-H59), specifically focusing on Visual disturbances and blindness (H53-H54). &nbsp; H53Visual disturbances H53.0 &#8211; Amblyopia ex anopsia Amblyopia: Anisometropic Deprivation Strabismic &nbsp; H53.1 &#8211; Subjective visual disturbances Asthenopia Day blindness Hemeralopia Metamorphopsia Photophobia Scintillating scotoma Sudden visual loss Visual halos Excl.: visual hallucinations &nbsp; H53.2 &#8211; Diplopia Double vision &nbsp; H53.3 &#8211; Other disorders of binocular vision Abnormal retinal correspondence Fusion with defective stereopsis Simultaneous visual perception without fusion Suppression of binocular vision &nbsp; H53.4 &#8211; Visual field defects Enlarged blind spot Generalized contraction of visual field Hemianop(s)ia (heteronymous)(homonymous) Quadrant anop(s)ia Scotoma: Arcuate Bjerrum Central Ring &nbsp; H53.5 &#8211; Colour vision deficiencies Achromatopsia Acquired colour vision deficiency Colour blindness Deuteranomaly Deuteranopia Protanomaly Protanopia Tritanomaly Tritanopia Excl.: Day blindness &nbsp; H53.6 &#8211; Night blindness Excl.: Due to vitamin A deficiency &nbsp; H53.8 &#8211; Other visual disturbances H53.9 &#8211; Visual disturbance, unspecified &nbsp; &nbsp; H54Visual impairment including blindness (binocular or monocular) Note: For definition of visual impairment categories see table below. Excl.: Amaurosis fugax &nbsp; H54.0 &#8211; Blindness, binocular Visual impairment categories 3,4,5 in both eyes &nbsp; H54.1 &#8211; Severe visual impairment, binocular Visual impairment category 2. &nbsp; H54.2 &#8211; Moderate visual impairment, binocular Visual impairment category 1 &nbsp; H54.3 &#8211; Mild or no visual impairment, binocular Visual impairment category 0. &nbsp; H54.4 &#8211; Blindness, monocular Visual impairment categories 3, 4, 5 in one eye and categories 0, 1, 2 or 9 in the other eye. &nbsp; H54.5 &#8211; Severe visual impairment, monocular Visual impairment category 2 in one eye and categories 0, 1 or 9 in other eye. &nbsp; H54.6 &#8211; Moderate visual impairment, monocular Visual impairment category 1 in one eye and categories 0 or 9 in other eye. &nbsp; H54.9 &#8211; Unspecified visual impairment (binocular) Visual impairment category 9. &nbsp; As depicted on the WHO website, the provided table presents a categorization of the severity of visual impairment that has been endorsed by the International Council of Ophthalmology&#8217;s Resolution and the guidelines put forth by the WHO Consultation on &#8220;Development of Standards for Characterization of Vision Loss and Visual Functioning&#8221;. Figure 1: categorization of the severity of the visual impairment (Source: (ICD-10 Version:2016, n.d.)) &nbsp; \u201cNote: The term visual impairment in category H54 comprises category 0 for mild or no visual impairment, category 1 for moderate visual impairment, category 2 for severe visual impairment, categories 3, 4 and 5 for blindness and category 9 for unqualified visual impairment. The term &#8220;low vision&#8221; included in the previous revision has been replaced by categories 1 and 2 to avoid confusion with those requiring low vision care.\u201d (ICD- 10 Version:2016, n.d.) &nbsp; Visual impairment represents the big umbrella to cover all previous categories (blindness and partial sight) in H54. However, the intricacies of each case are distinct. Only a minority among those registered as blind or partially sighted lack any form of vision, while varying eye conditions react diversely to factors like shifts in lighting. Some individuals might have the ability to read but require assistance for safe mobility. Whatever the condition, the best approach to ascertaining a person&#8217;s visual ability is to ask them when they are alone and discuss with them how they would prefer to be supported&#8221; (VISION, n.d.) &nbsp; Virtual examples Before we proceed with providing instructions and guidelines for engaging with visually impaired (V.I) students both within the education system and in ceramics workshops, it seems appropriate to offer sighted users of this training program an insight (through examples) into the potential visual experiences of individuals with various types of visual impairments. The following slides, crafted by the SIGMA team, illustrate how individuals with specific eye conditions might perceive a given situation differently compared to those with full sight. It&#8217;s important to acknowledge that we can&#8217;t precisely comprehend the visual experiences of others, and these slides serve as an approximation. As noted above, the way people understand an object is influenced not solely by their visual input, but also by how their brain","thumbnail_url":"https:\/\/www.care-platform.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Picture1-2.jpg","thumbnail_width":553,"thumbnail_height":442}